Strength Training Terminology
Strength Training Terminology |
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Aerobic muscle fibresType I muscle fibres used for muscular endurance. AgonistThe muscle initiating a desired movement. Anaerobic muscle fibresType II muscles fibres used for strength and power. AntagonistThe opposing muscle in a contraction, located on the opposite side of the joint. ATPAdenosine Triphosphate; the energy for muscle activity. Basal metabolic rate (BMR)The amount of energy that the body needs for normal physiological functioning while we are awake. Concentric contractionShortening and contracting of the muscle. Delayed-onset muscle soreness (DOMS)The scientific term for the muscle soreness you feel after a weight training session. Eccentric contractionLengthening and contracting of the muscle. Estimated energy requirement (EER)The dietary energy intake predicted to maintain energy balance consistent with good health in healthy, normal-weight individuals of a defined age, gender, weight, height, and level of physical activity. Fat-free mass (FFM)The portion of muscle, bone, and organ weight that contains no fat. Fat mass (FM)Total body fat, which includes essential fat and storage fat. FrequencyThe number of training sessions completed in a certain time period. Functional trainingTraining that utilizes specific exercises that mimic sports or life movements. HyperplasiaThe splitting of muscle fibres to make more muscle fibres. HypertrophyAn enlargement of the muscle fibre. IntensityThe level of difficulty of an exercise, relating to load. It can be measured by a percentage of the RM, with 1RM (100 percent RM) being the highest intensity Interval trainingThe division of a training period into work and rest intervals. Isometric contractionContraction of the muscle without joint movement. Isotonic contractionContraction that involves a concentric phase, in which the weight is lifted and the muscle is shortened, and an eccentric phase, in which the weight is slowly lowered and the muscle is lengthened under tension. Lean body mass (LBM)The amount of fat free and some essential fat mass. LoadThe amount of weight assigned to an exercise set. Metabolic trainingClassically, training an athlete's body at particular work and rest intervals that closely mimic those the athlete encounters during her sport. It comes at a high metabolic cost to the body, and it is now also associated with interval training. Muscular enduranceThe ability to do submaximal muscular contractions with high repetitions, low intensity, high volume, and little recovery between sets. One-repetition maximum (1RM)The most weight that can be lifted with perfect technique one time. OsteoporosisPorous bone; low bone mass that leads to structural deterioration of bone tissue and bone fragility and that can result in fractures. PlyometricsExercise that employs the stretch shortening cycle; quick, powerful movements preceded by a pre-stretch of the muscles. PowerThe exertion of force at a high speed. RepetitionThe number of times an exercise is performed. Repetition maximum (RM)The most weight that can be lifted for a specific number of repetitions. Resting metabolic rate (RMR) - rate that includes the basal metabolic rate plus the amount of energy we use when we are sleeping and waking up from sleep. SetGroup of repetitions. StrengthThe ability to exert force. Thermic effect of food (TEF)The energy (calories) required for the processes of chewing, digestion, and absorption. Total daily energy expenditure (TDEE)Combination of the resting metabolic rate, physical activity, and the thermic effect of food (TEF). Type I muscle fibres (aerobic)Slow-twitch muscle fibres that are fatigue resistant. They are used for cardiovascular and muscular endurance work. Type II muscle fibres (anaerobic)Fast-twitch muscle fibres that fatigue quickly and that hypertrophy more than Type I fibres. They are used for short bursts of strength and power. VolumeThe total amount of weight lifted in an entire training session (sets / repetitions).
Courtesy of ProMuscleMag.com